![]() Evaporation condensation is a method of heat transfer.The albedo of a surface and how it varies depending on the angle of rays.Reflection, dispersion, and absorption deplete this energy in the atmosphere.The amount of solar radiated energy received and how long it lasts each day.The following factors influence temperature and its distribution: Also, in areas where convergence of ocean currents occurs, water of relatively higher density moves downwards, while, in areas of divergences, ascending motion of bottom water of higher density and lower temperature towards the surface.Distribution of Temperatur Distribution of Temperature.In the northern Atlantic Ocean, creation of gyres due to Gulf Stream, Canary Current and North Equatorial Current, increases the salinity.For example, the less saline waters of the Atlantic flow on the surface into the enclosed Mediterranean Sea, this is compensated for by an outflow of the denser bottom water from the Mediterranean. Waters of low salinity and density flow on the surface of waters of high salinity, while waters of high salinity flow at the deep oceans towards waters of low salinity.Ocean salinity declines due to rains as well as in summers when ice melts. In hot and dry regions, where evaporation is high, the salinity sometimes reaches to 70 ppt. For instance, in Red Sea, salinity is as high as 41 ppt, while in the Arctic, it fluctuates from 0-35 ppt, seasonally.As salinity, temperature and density of water are interrelated any change in one factor influences other.Salinity is lower than average 35 % in the equatorial waters due to high daily rainfall and and high relative humidity.Lower surface temperature corresponds to high water density. ![]() Temperature of surface ocean water decreases between 45-degree N-S and poles.In the tropics they have higher evaporation resulting in higher density while near poles they have lesser evaporation resulting in comparatively low density.īetween 20 degrees and 30 degree N and S, water has high salinity due to high rate of evaporation, thereby leading to higher density. ![]() Partially or completely enclosed seas don’t intermix much with surrounding water. While, evaporation, cooling of surface water and process of ice formation tend to increase density of the ocean water.
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